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- The painting and sculpture of China. From the
- Bronze Age to the Cultural Revolution,
- Chinese art shows a stylistic unity
- unparalleled in any other culture. From about
- the 1st century AD Buddhism inspired much
- sculpture and painting. The Han dynasty (206
- BC-AD 220) produced outstanding metalwork,
- ceramics, and sculpture. The Song dynasty
- (960-1278) established standards of idyllic
- landscape and nature painting in a delicate
- calligraphic style. Neolithic art
- accomplished pottery dates back to about 2500
- BC, already showing a distinctive Chinese
- approach to form. Bronze Age art rich burial
- goods, with bronzes and jade carvings,
- survive from the second millennium BC,
- decorated with hieroglyphs and simple
- stylized animal forms. Astonishing life-size
- terracotta figures from the Qin period (about
- 221-206 BC) guard the tomb of Emperor Shi
- Huangdi in the old capital of Xian. Bronze
- horses, naturalistic but displaying the soft
- curving lines of the Chinese style, are a
- feature of the Han dynasty. early Buddhist
- art once Buddhism was established in China it
- inspired a monumental art, with huge rock-cut
- Buddhas and graceful linear relief sculptures
- at the monasteries of Yungang, about 460-535,
- and Longmen. Bronze images show the same
- curving lines and rounded forms. Tang dynasty
- (618-907) art shows increasing sophistication
- in idealized images and naturalistic
- portraits, such as the carved figures of
- Buddhist monks (Luohan). This period also
- produced brilliant metalwork and delicate
- ceramics. It is known that the aims and,
- broadly speaking, the style of Chinese
- painting were already well established, but
- few paintings survive, with the exception of
- some Tang scrolls and silk paintings. The
- Song dynasty the golden age of painting was
- the Song dynasty (960-1278). The imperial
- court created its own workshop, fostering a
- fine calligraphic art, mainly devoted to
- natural subjects - landscape, mountains,
- trees, flowers, birds, and horses - though
- genre scenes of court beauties were also
- popular. Scrolls, albums, and fans of silk or
- paper were painted with watercolours and ink,
- using soft brushes that produced many
- different textures. Painting was associated
- with literature, and painters added poems or
- quotations to their work to intensify the
- effect. Ma Yuan (c. 1190-1224) and Xia Gui
- (active c. 1180-1230) are among the painters,
- and Muqi (1180-c. 1270), was a monk known for
- exquisite brushwork. The Song dynasty also
- produced the first true porcelain, achieving
- a classic simplicity and delicacy in
- colouring and form. Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
- painters continued the landscape tradition,
- setting new standards in idealized visions.
- The painter Dong Qichang wrote a history and
- theory of Chinese painting. The Song style of
- porcelain gradually gave way to increasingly
- elaborate decorative work, and pale shades
- were superseded by rich colours, as in Ming
- blue-and-white patterned ware. Qing dynasty
- (1644-1911) the so-called Individualist
- Spirits emerged, painters who developed
- bolder, personal styles of brushwork. But the
- strong spirit that supported traditional art
- began to fade in the 19th and 20th centuries.
- influence Chinese art had a great impact on
- surrounding countries. The art of Korea was
- almost wholly inspired by Chinese example for
- many centuries. Along with Buddhism, Chinese
- styles of art were established in Japan in
- the 6th-7th centuries BC and continued to
- exert a profound influence, though Japanese
- culture soon developed an independent style.
-